<b>HRAC Group 22</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy D) </font> resistant Convolvulus arvensis from Jordan

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 22 (LEGACY D) RESISTANT FIELD BINDWEED
(Convolvulus arvensis)

PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Jordan

INTRODUCTION		FIELD BINDWEED
Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a dicot weed in the Convolvulaceae family. In Jordan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides in 2011 and infests Dates. Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides are known as PS I Electron Diversion (PSI Electron Diversion ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Apr 03, 2014 )
Common Name	Field Bindweed
Species	Convolvulus arvensis
Group	PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Herbicides	paraquat
Location	Jordan
Year	2011
Situation(s)	Dates
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Hani Ghosheh
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Field Bindweed biotype with this Field Bindweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22 resistant Field Bindweed have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 22 (Legacy D) resistant Field Bindweed from Jordan please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

HANI GHOSHEH

Assoc. Prof. Jordan University Of Science And Technology Plant Production Crop& Soil Sciences 104 Research Way, Horticulture Bldg Irbid, 22110 Jordan Email Hani Ghosheh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Jordan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Hani Ghosheh for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Field Bindweed Globally
(Convolvulus arvensis)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Jordan

2011

Dates

paraquat

PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Specific Papers about this Case

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Hani. Z. Ghosheh, Karl. Hurle. 2011. Variations in morphology, phenology, and herbicide sensitivity of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) populations from Jordan. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7 : 634 - 643.

Experiments were conducted to characterize the diversity of field bindweed populations collected from three sites in Jordan by evaluating morpho-phenological traits, and testing the differential response of these populations to 2,4-D and paraquat applications. Morpho-phenological evaluation conducted outdoors indicated that populations have distinct variations. Cluster analysis also indicated that populations could be grouped into three major clusters. In two herbicide-response experiments conducted in the greenhouse, field bindweed seedlings from the three populations were subjected to 2,4-D and paraquat applications at the 3-4 leaf stages. Both herbicides were applied at rates from 0 to 17,920 g ai. ha^-1. Results indicated the presence of variations among the three populations in their response to paraquat applications. One population expressed high resistance to paraquat, an observation that is not reported in field bindweed elsewhere.

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Literature about Similar Cases

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Räder, T. ; Schulte, M. ; Steinheuer, M. ; Stuke, F.. 2010. Actual occurrence of weed biotypes in maize - effective weed control demonstrated on 200 monitoring fields in Germany and Austria. Julius-Kühn-Archiv : .

During 2008 and 2009, a study was conducted in 200 locations in Germany and Austria to monitor the frequency of occurence of various weeds and weed species and to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide treatments. The 10 most common weeds observed include goosefoot (Syngonium podophyllum), chickweed, black bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), chamomile types, field pansy (Viola arvensis) and dead nettle (Lamium spp.). The sole use of terbuthylazine proved to be effective for the control of some weed species e.g. Matricaria spp., Polygonum spp., and Chenopodium spp. The genetic resistance of some weed species e.g. Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Matricaria chamomilla [Chamomilla recutita], Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum convolvulus, Solanum nigrum to herbicides were also studied..

Pline-Srnic, W.. 2006. Physiological mechanisms of glyphosate resistance. Weed Technology 20 : 290 - 300.

Glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide and also the world's most widely used herbicide, inhibits 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase [3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase] (EPSPS), an enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Because of its broad-spectrum and potent weed control and favourable environmental characteristics, attempts to engineer glyphosate resistance have been intensive in the past few decades. The use of at least three different mechanisms has conferred glyphosate resistance in normally sensitive crop species. Early work focused on progressive adaptation of cultured plant cells to stepwise increases in glyphosate concentrations. The resulting cells were resistant to glyphosate because of EPSPS overexpression, EPSPS gene amplification, or increased enzyme stability. Further work aimed to achieve resistance by transforming plants with glyphosate metabolism genes. An enzyme from a soil microorganism, glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX), cleaves the nitrogen-carbon bond in glyphosate yielding aminomethylphosphonic acid. Another metabolism gene, glyphosate N-acetyl transferase (gat), acetylates and deactivates glyphosate. A third mechanism, and the one found in all currently commercial glyphosate-resistant crops, is the insertion of a glyphosate-resistant form of the EPSPS enzyme. Several researchers have used site-directed mutagenesis or amino acid substitutions of EPSPS. However, the most glyphosate-resistant EPSPS enzyme to date has been isolated from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4 and gives high levels of resistance in planta. Weeds resistant to glyphosate have offered further physiological mechanisms for glyphosate resistance. Resistant field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) had higher levels of 3-deoxy-D-arbino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase, the first enzyme in the shikimate pathway, suggesting that increased carbon flow through the shikimate pathway can provide glyphosate resistance. Resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) has reduced translocation of glyphosate out of the treated area. Although glyphosate resistance has been achieved by numerous mechanisms, currently the only independent physiological mechanism to give adequate and stable resistance to glyphosate for commercialization of glyphosate-resistant crops has been glyphosate-resistant forms of EPSPS..

Harker, K. N. ; Clayton, G. W. ; Blackshaw, R. E. ; O'Donovan, J. T. ; Lupwayi, N. Z. ; Johnson, E. N. ; Gan YanTai ; Zentner, R. P. ; Lafond, G. P. ; Irvine, R. B.. 2005. Glyphosate-resistant spring wheat production system effects on weed communities. Weed Science 53 : 451 - 464.

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops are produced over large areas in North America. A study was conducted at six western Canada research sites, i.e. in Beaverlodge, Lacombe and Lethbridge in Alberta, Brandon in Manitoba, and in Scott and Swift Current in Saskatchewan, to determine seed date, i.e. mid-April to early May (early) and mid-May to early June (late), and tillage system (conventional or low soil-disturbance direct-seeding) effects on weed populations in GR spring wheat and canola [rape] cropping systems from 2000 to 2003. Four-year wheat-canola-wheat-pea rotations were devised with varying levels of GR crops in the rotation. Weed populations were determined at pre- and post-in-crop herbicide application intervals in 2000 and 2003. Early seeding led to higher and more variable in-crop wild oat (Avena fatua) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus [F. convolvulus]) populations. High frequencies of in-crop glyphosate wheat in the rotation usually improved weed management and reduced weed density and variability. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) across all locations revealed that by 2003, green foxtail (Setaria viridis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), sowthistle spp. (Sonchus oleraceus, S. arvensis and S. asper), wild buckwheat and wild oat, all associated with the rotation lacking in-crop glyphosate. Similar CDA analyses for individual locations indicated specific weeds were associated with 3 years of in-crop glyphosate (Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) at Brandon, henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) at Lacombe, and volunteer wheat, volunteer canola, and round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla) at Lethbridge). However, only henbit at Lacombe and volunteer wheat at Lethbridge occurred at significant densities. Although excellent weed control was attained in rotations containing a high frequency of GR crops, the merits of more integrated approaches to weed management and crop production should also be considered. Overall, rotations including GR spring wheat did not significantly increase short-term weed management risks in conventional tillage or low soil-disturbance direct-seeding systems..

Kucharski, M.. 2005. For use of fluorescence method identification of weeds resistant to photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides. Progress in Plant Protection 45 : 825 - 827.

The efficacy of the biological test method and fluorescence method for the identification of weed biotypes showing resistance to herbicides (inhibitors of photosystem II) was evaluated. The materials used were seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum and Papaver rhoeas collected from crop fields in Lower Silesia, Poland. Susceptible and resistant biotypes of weeds were also analysed as controls. The degree of concurrence between both methods reached 78-100% for herbicides applied at post-emergence (linuron, bentazone, chlorotoluron and isoproturon), and 42-76% for herbicides applied at pre-emergence..

Rola, H. ; Rola, J. ; Kucharski, M. ; Marczewska, K.. 2004. Crop protection against herbicide resistant weeds. Progress in Plant Protection 44 : 339 - 346.

The occurrence of weed resistance to herbicides is supported by the long-term action of persistent herbicidal ingredients on arable land. In Poland, using the bioassays and chlorophyll fluorescence methods, some species of weeds resistant to active ingredients of herbicides were identified. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Solanum nigrum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Digitaria sanguinalis, Polygonum convolvulus [Fallopia convolvulus], Polygonum persicaria, Lamium ssp. and Sinapis arvensis resistant to photosynthetic inhibitors were identified in maize and sugarbeet crop. In winter wheat crop, biotypes of Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus were resistant to chlorsulfuron (ALS inhibitor). In this paper, authors recommend other herbicides and active substances which showed a good control of resistant weeds in maize, sugarbeet and winter wheat crops..

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